The story of English sparkling wine is relatively young, with its modern era starting earnestly in the latter half of the 20th century. Despite a history of viticulture dating back to Roman times, it was not until the climate began to change and winemaking techniques improved that English sparkling wine started to carve out its niche. The turning point came when producers realised that the chalky soils of areas such as Sussex and Kent were geologically akin to the famed Champagne region of France, offering an ideal terroir for growing traditional champagne grape varieties: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier.
Climatic Edge
England’s cool climate is pivotal to its success in producing sparkling wines of high acidity and finesse. While once seen as a hindrance, the slowly warming temperatures due to climate change have ripened prospects for English vineyards, extending the growing season and providing conditions comparable to those of renowned sparkling wine regions from decades past.
Precision Viticulture
English wine producers employ precision viticulture, using technology and detailed data collection to manage their vineyards meticulously. This approach maximises the potential of each vine, ensuring that the grapes achieve the perfect balance between ripeness and acidity, which is crucial for high-quality sparkling wine.
Method of Production
The traditional method, or ‘méthode traditionnelle’, the same labour-intensive process used to make Champagne, is employed to create English sparkling wine. After primary fermentation, the wine undergoes a secondary fermentation in the bottle, where it gains its effervescence. It then ages on its lees, developing complexity and depth over time.
Pioneers and Innovators
Pioneers of the modern English wine scene, such as Nyetimber, Ridgeview, and Chapel Down, have demonstrated that not only could vineyards thrive in England’s soils, but they could also produce sparkling wines that rival the best in the world. Their success has paved the way for a burgeoning industry, with over 500 vineyards and 150 wineries now dotting the English countryside.
Nyetimber
Nyetimber, located in West Sussex, is often heralded as the standard-bearer for English sparkling wine. They made history when their 1992 vintage was the first wine made exclusively from grapes grown in England to be crafted according to the traditional method. The acclaim Nyetimber has garnered over the years has not only been a boon for their brand but has also cast a spotlight on England’s sparkling wine industry as a whole.
Awards and Recognition
The quality of English sparkling wine has been cemented by its performance in international wine competitions. England has won numerous awards, including beating Champagne houses in blind tastings, a once-unthinkable accomplishment that has repeated itself over the years. Such accolades have propelled English sparkling wine to a position of respect and desirability among wine enthusiasts around the globe.
Terroir and Taste
English sparkling wine is characterised by its vibrant acidity and often exhibits notes of green apple, citrus, and toasty complexity. The best examples balance crispness with a creamy mousse and a depth that can only be achieved through meticulous winemaking and patient ageing.
Sustainability Focus
English wine producers are increasingly focusing on sustainability, recognising the importance of preserving the environment that has so favourably shaped their fortunes. Many vineyards are adopting organic and biodynamic practices, and the industry's relative youth provides the opportunity to build sustainability into its foundations.
Wine Tourism
The rise of English sparkling wine has also given birth to an enthusiastic wine tourism industry. Vineyard tours, tastings, and wine experiences are becoming a staple of the English countryside, inviting both domestic and international visitors to explore the regions that are nurturing England's liquid gold.
The Future Sparkles Bright
As English sparkling wine continues to capture imaginations and taste buds, the future sparkles bright with potential. Producers are experimenting with different grape varieties and techniques, ensuring the evolution of English sparkling wine is as dynamic as its effervescence.