{"id":54545,"date":"2024-03-07T11:47:48","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T11:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"\/blog\/post\/what-is-bourbon-made-from\/"},"modified":"2024-03-11T09:24:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T09:24:35","slug":"what-is-bourbon-made-from","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/post\/what-is-bourbon-made-from\/","title":{"rendered":"What is bourbon made from"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/country-style\/american\/bourbon-whiskey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bourbon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><b>the <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">classic American whiskey, distinguished by its specific production requirements and geographic origins.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be legally labeled as bourbon, the spirit must adhere to several criteria, namely that it must be made in the United States (not just Kentucky), be distilled to no more than 80% ABV, matured in new, charred oak barrels, and have no additives other than water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its mashbill must also be at least 51% corn. In this article, we\u2019ll explain what bourbon is made from, why corn is so important, as well as covering the roles of water, yeast, and wood. After all, it\u2019s these strict guidelines that help ensure that bourbon maintains its distinctive character, differentiating it from other types of whiskey.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you like your American whiskey, be sure to check other recent articles on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/post\/american-whiskey-heritage-discovering-the-distilling-tradition-of-bourbon-and-rye.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">distilling tradition of bourbon and rye<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/post\/is-jack-daniels-bourbon.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is Jack Daniel\u2019s bourbon?<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_52584\" style=\"width: 780px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-52584\" class=\"size-large wp-image-52584\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Heritage corn varieties at the Oxford Artisan Distillery\" width=\"770\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-334x250.jpg 334w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-934x700.jpg 934w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery-1134x850.jpg 1134w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Oxford-Artisan-Distillery.jpg 1709w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-52584\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">These are actually heritage corn varieties from the Oxford Artisan Distillery. But it&#8217;s a striking image, no?<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><b>The grains that make bourbon: corn<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bourbon history is intertwined with the agricultural practices of early American settlers, particularly in Kentucky, and owes its unique character and global reputation to its primary ingredient: corn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The late Ova Haney, former master distiller at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/distilleries\/four-roses-whiskey-distillery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Four Roses<\/a>, was once asked \u201cWhy is bourbon made from corn?\u201d His reply was \u201cBecause that is what grows in Kentucky. If Kentucky grew rice it would have been made from rice.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Kentucky, and the wider American South, corn was a staple crop in the early days of the country. The fertile lands of the American frontier were well-suited for growing corn, which became a surplus crop for many farmers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Throughout the 18th century, the significance of corn in bourbon production increased. At the time, distilling the excess corn into whiskey was a practical solution for preservation and transport. It also offered an alternative source of income.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What began as a practical solution for farmers to make money became the bedrock (or, if I may, the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">corn<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">erstone) of bourbon\u2019s style. Corn contributes a creamy, mellow, natural sweetness while creating a foundation for other grains in the mash bill to add complexity and depth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A legal requirement for bourbon to be made from a grain mixture that is at least 51% corn was implemented with the passage of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act in 1935, as part of the United States government&#8217;s efforts to regulate the alcohol industry following the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Bourbon was further recognized in 1964 by the U.S. Congress as a \u201cdistinctive product of the United States\u201d. The mandatory mashbill preserves the traditional recipe of bourbon and means it can be differentiated from other types of whiskey. The regulation ensures that bourbon retains its sweet, full-bodied flavour profile, a direct consequence of corn&#8217;s natural sweetness.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_35294\" style=\"width: 780px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35294\" class=\"size-large wp-image-35294\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Ear_of_rye-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Rye cereal in a field\" width=\"770\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Ear_of_rye.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Ear_of_rye-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Ear_of_rye-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1024px-Ear_of_rye-200x150.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-35294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rye, rye, rye&#8230; Delilah<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><b>The grains that make bourbon: rye, wheat, and barley<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While corn is the <\/span><b>corn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">erstone (sue me) of bourbon, other grains play crucial roles in shaping its flavour too. Namely rye, barley, and wheat, all commonly used as secondary grains in the mash bill.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While we\u2019re on the subject, a whiskey mash bill is the specific recipe of grains used to produce whiskey, dictating its flavour profile and character. It\u2019s basically the recipe. Everyone clear?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now let\u2019s talk through each of the secondary grains that contribute distinct characteristics to the bourbon:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rye: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Known for adding a spicy, peppery note to bourbon, rye brings a complexity and depth that balances the sweetness of corn. Rye-forward bourbons, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/whiskies\/bulleit\/bulleit-bourbon-whiskey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bulleit Bourbon<\/a>, are celebrated for their boldness and vibrant spice profile, appealing to those who favour a whiskey with a bite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Wheat: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wheat offers a softer, smoother contrast to rye, with a gentle sweetness that complements the robustness of corn. Wheated bourbons like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/whiskies\/makers-mark-whiskey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Maker&#8217;s Mark<\/a> are prized for their mellow, accessible flavours, often described as having hints of caramel, vanilla, and bread-like warmth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Barley:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Malted barley is primarily used in bourbon production for its enzymes, which are crucial for converting starches into fermentable sugars during the mash process. Beyond its functional role, barley imparts a slight nuttiness and richness, enhancing the overall complexity of the bourbon.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_24253\" style=\"width: 780px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24253\" class=\"size-large wp-image-24253\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masterofmalt.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kentucky-barrels-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"The Nightcap\" width=\"770\" height=\"514\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-24253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bourbon ageing in oak barrels<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><b>Water and yeast<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on who you ask, the amount of ingredients whisky has will differ. Grain and water are absolutes, a lot of people also say yeast, and some even count the barrel as an ingredient. We\u2019re going to cover all bases here and treat all four as factors that make bourbon what it is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First then is water, which plays a crucial role in the production of bourbon. Initially, water is mixed with the mash of grains to facilitate the conversion of starches into fermentable sugars during the mashing process. There\u2019s also water used in fermentation, and some place a great deal of emphasis on the purity and mineral content of this water and how it can influence the fermentation efficiency and flavour of the final product. After distillation, water is often used to dilute the bourbon to the desired proof before ageing, affecting its smoothness and taste. In Kentucky, the water is limestone-rich and often naturally filtered, which some bourbon producers will say contributes to the distinctive smooth and sweet profile of bourbon by removing iron and adding beneficial minerals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Onto yeast. The reason we have booze at all is thanks to yeast, as it converts the sugars of the grain into alcohol (and carbon dioxide). Over approximately three to five days, the yeast ferments the sugars, producing a beer-like liquid called &#8220;distiller&#8217;s beer&#8221; or &#8220;wash,&#8221; with an alcohol content around 7-10% ABV. This stage is not just about alcohol production; it&#8217;s also where distinctive flavors start to develop, influenced by the grain composition, yeast strain, and fermentation conditions. The choice of yeast and the fermentation environment are closely guarded secrets among distillers, as these factors significantly contribute to the bourbon&#8217;s final taste profile, adding fruity, floral, or spicy notes that distinguish one bourbon from another.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, wood. As we\u2019ve explained in the intro, bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. This law further distinguishes bourbon, as the charring process caramelizes the sugars in the wood, contributing to the whiskey&#8217;s flavour and colour, giving the whiskey notes of vanilla, toffee, and oak. There is no minimum aging period for bourbon as a whole, but to be called &#8220;straight bourbon,&#8221; it must be aged for at least two years.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This interaction between the wood and the spirit, combined with the foundational flavors provided by the grain and fermentation, results in a whiskey that is deeply American in its heritage and taste: bourbon. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bourbon is the classic American whiskey, distinguished by its specific production requirements and geographic origins.\u00a0 To be legally labeled as bourbon, the spirit must adhere to several criteria, namely that&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":52663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[747,893,19],"tags":[148],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is bourbon made from | Master of Malt blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is bourbon made from? 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